Domestic Violence in Syrian Society

Research on domestic violence in Syria, particularly against children

Introduction

Domestic violence is one of the most dangerous social phenomena that threatens the stability of families and society. In Syria, this phenomenon has significantly worsened, especially under the difficult circumstances resulting from war and economic pressures. Children are among the most affected groups, as they are exposed to multiple forms of violence within their homes, which negatively impacts their psychological, physical, and social development.

Forms of Domestic Violence Against Children in Syria

1. Physical violence: such as severe beatings and torture by burning or deprivation of food.

2. Psychological violence: constant reprimanding, intimidation, humiliation, and emotional neglect.

3. Verbal violence: cursing, insults, and mocking the child.

4. Sexual violence: which is among the most dangerous forms and least reported due to fear of shame.

5. Educational and health neglect: such as leaving the child without education or adequate healthcare.

Child Protection Law in Syria

The Syrian government issued Child Protection Law No. 21 of 2021, which aims to protect children’s rights and ensure their upbringing in a safe and healthy environment.

Among the most prominent provisions of the law:

• It criminalizes any form of violence against children.

• It guarantees the child’s right to protection from harm, neglect, and mistreatment.

• It requires governmental and non-governmental entities to report any case of violence.

Legal Article Punishing Domestic Violence
According to the amended Syrian Penal Code:

Article 548 bis: Punishes harm that causes physical or psychological damage, and increases the penalty if the perpetrator is a family member or someone responsible for the child’s care.

Article 28 of the Child Law (No. 21 of 2021) also states:

“It is prohibited to expose a child to any form of violence, exploitation, or harm, and legal measures shall be taken against violators of these rights.”

Causes of the Spread of Domestic Violence in Syria

• Effects of war and displacement.

• Economic and living pressures.

• Lack of societal awareness about children’s rights.

• Absence of effective legal oversight in some areas.

• Societal culture that views violent discipline as a means of education.

Possible Solutions in New Syria

1. Strengthening strict law enforcement: especially the Child Protection Law, and providing a hotline for reporting violence.

2. Community awareness programs: through media and schools, to spread a culture of non-violence and the importance of respecting children.

3. Psychological and educational rehabilitation of parents: free courses for fathers and mothers on positive parenting.

4. Providing psychological and social support centers for children: in every governorate, to care for affected children and rehabilitate them.

5. Involving civil society: by creating initiatives to protect children and monitor violations.

6. Integrating children’s rights education into school curricula.

Conclusion

Domestic violence is not only an individual problem, but a societal issue that threatens future generations. With New Syria’s commitment to protecting human and children’s rights, it becomes necessary to take effective measures that ensure a safe environment for every child, free from fear and violence.